The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
Pictured: The UN headquarters building, New York, USA
In accordance with its Article VI, it is the essential foundation for the pursuit of nuclear disarmament. Follow this link to learn more about the NPT.
The NPT is also an important element in the development of nuclear energy applications for peaceful purposes.
Every five years, the States Parties to the NPT meet at a Review Conference to assess the fulfilment of their treaty obligations and decide on next steps. Since the indefinite extension of the Treaty in 1995, these meetings serve as regular health checks on the global nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime.
Deteriorating trend
The international disarmament, non-proliferation and arms control architecture finds itself under growing pressure. Increasingly, it is challenged in the current security environment, particularly since the launch of Russia’s illegal war of aggression on Ukraine and the ongoing crisis in the Middle East.
In spite of strenuous diplomatic efforts, in 2022, the Tenth NPT Review Conference ended without reaching agreement on substantive conclusions and recommendations. This was due to Russia’s sole opposition to the summary document presented by the Presidency.
The road to 2026
In this cycle, ahead of the Eleventh NPT Review Conference in 2026, it is more necessary than ever to reverse this deteriorating trend.
The European Union is fully committed to strengthening the NPT, promoting its universalisation and enhancing its implementation.
Through Council Decision (CFSP) 2025/646 of 27 March 2025, the European Union has supported the organisation of NPT regional consultations for States Parties to convey their priorities and concerns to the President-designate of the Review Conference. It has also backed the participation in the Review Conference of delegates of several States Parties from among Least Developed Counties and Small Island Developing States.
European Union, 2026
The European Union looks forward to continuing to work jointly with all States Parties to these ends at the Eleventh NPT Review Conference in New York on 27 April-22 May 2026.
Relevant Documents:
Follow the links below to find information on the European Union’s contributions to the Eleventh NPT Review Conference:
- Council Conclusions for the 2026 NPT Review Conference
- Council Decision (CFSP) 2025/646 of 27 March 2025 in support of facilitating a successful outcome of the 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- Working paper by the EU and others (2026) – ‘A path towards enhanced transparency and accountability within the review process of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons’
- Working paper by the EU and others (2026) – ‘Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty’
- Working paper by the EU and others (2026) – ‘Towards a treaty banning the production of fissile material for use in nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices’
- Working paper by South Africa and the EU (2026) – ‘Building New and Strengthening Existing Innovative Cancer Treatment Capacities in Southern Africa – A Phased Approach’
- Working paper by the EU (2023) – ‘A stronger review process for a stronger NPT’
