Joining forces to tackle transnational repression: mapping trends and improving responses

In response to the growing global challenge of transnational repression (TNR), the European External Action Service (EEAS), the European Parliament Subcommittee on Human Rights (DROI) and the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR), in cooperation with the Tackling TNR Europe Civil Society Working Group, convened a two-day policy dialogue and expert workshop on 4–5 December 2025. The initiative sought to strengthen collective responses to TNR in Europe and beyond, with a focus on state responsibilities and cross-border cooperation.

The policy dialogue, hosted by the European Parliament on 4 December following the adoption of the EP resolution on TNR against human rights defenders, underscored the growing recognition of transnational repression as a systemic threat to human rights, the rule of law, democracy, and sovereignty. Discussions emphasized the importance of clear definitions, stronger protection for human rights defenders, coordinated EU and Member State action, improved monitoring, and the use of targeted sanctions. While progress was acknowledged, participants noted persistent gaps, including inconsistent policies, limited internal responses, and insufficient coordination, calling for a more coherent, whole-of-EU approach.

The expert workshop held on 5 December at OHCHR further examined operational and structural challenges. Participants highlighted enduring gaps in accountability, protection, and coordination, noting that existing legal and policy frameworks have not kept pace with the increasingly transnational and complex nature of repression, particularly in digital, commercial, and financial spheres. Key takeaways included limited awareness of TNR, inadequate reporting and data collection, and legal and jurisdictional gaps that hinder accountability, including for non-state actors. Participants stressed the need for coordinated action, improved data collection, targeted capacity-building, and strengthened legislative and judicial measures to effectively counter transnational repression.

Follow the link to download the Key Takeaways of the Transnationl Repression Expert Workshop (PDF)